Recent Development in Non-Metal-Doped Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysts for Different Dyes Degradation and the Study of Their Strategic Factors: A Review

Semiconductor titanium dioxide in its basic form or doped with metals and non-metals is being extensively used wastewater treatment by photocatalysis due to versatile nature. Other numerous characteristics including environmentally friendly, non-pernicious, economical, multi-phase, highly hydrophilic, physio-chemical features, chemical stability, suitable band gap, corrosion-resistance, along low price make TiO2 the best candidate field of photocatalysis. Commercially, semiconductor synthesized photocatalysts—which have been investigated for last few decades owing their wide gap—and doping titania p-block elements (non-metals) such as oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, boron, carbon, phosphorus, iodine enhances photocatalytic efficiency under visible-light irradiation. This because a strong oxidizing ability. The key focus this review discuss various factors affecting activity non-metal-doped decreasing gap. working parameters discussed are effect pH, dyes concentration, photocatalyst’s size structure, pollutants concentration types, surface area photocatalysts, light intensity irradiation time, catalyst loading, temperature, impact, etc. mechanism action several non-metallic dopants composites promising approach exploration activity. selected synthesis methods non-metallic-doped reviewed study. Similarly, conditions on mode has summarized relation sorts modified TiO2.